Table 1 Participant (N = 139) characteristics by incarceration & restrictive housing (RH) history
Characteristic | Sample (n = 139) | Never Incarcerated (n = 30) | Previously Incarcerated (n = 109) | P values | Incarcerated with (+) RH (n = 62) | Incarcerated with (-) RH (n = 47) | P values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (median, IQR) | 45 (38–53) | 41 (34–48) | 46 (39–54) | 0.031 | 49 (42–55) | 43 (35–50) | 0.003 |
Race/ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | NS | Â | Â | NS |
Latinx | 77 (56%) | 17 (57%) | 60 (55%) | Â | 39 (63%) | 21 (45%) | Â |
Non-Hispanic White | 28 (20%) | 8 (27%) | 20 (18%) | Â | 8 (13%) | 12 (26%) | Â |
Non-Hispanic Black | 25 (18%) | 4 (13%) | 21 (19%) | Â | 12 (19%) | 9 (19%) | Â |
Male sex | 109 (78%) | 16 (53%) | 93 (85%) | < 0.001 | 57 (92%) | 36 (77%) | 0.025 |
Married | 19 (14%) | 5 (17%) | 14 (13%) | NS | 8 (12%) | 6 (13%) | NS |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
High school graduate/GED or beyond | 80 (58%) | 22 (73%) | 58 (53%) | NS | 30 (48%) | 28 (60%) | NS |
Without employment | 113 (81%) | 21 (70%) | 92 (84%) | NS | 54 (87%) | 39 (81%) | NS |
Unstable housinga | 91 (65%) | 21 (70%) | 70 (64%) | NS | 45 (73%) | 28 (60%) | NS |
History of IVDU | 97 (70%) | 20 (67%) | 77 (71%) | NS | 44 (71%) | 33 (71%) | NS |
Median days of substance use past 30 days (IQR) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Alcohol | 0 (0–5) | 0 (0–3) | 1 (0–5) | NS | 1 (0–12) | 0.5 (0–4) | NS |
Heroin or fentanyl | 28 (3–30) | 26 (2–30) | 28 (3–30) | NS | 30 (5–30) | 17 (2–30) | NS |
Opioid analgesics | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | NS | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–2) | NS |
Cocaine or crack | 15 (1–30) | 15 (0–30) | 15 (2–30) | NS | 20 (1–30) | 14 (3–30) | NS |
Benzodiazepine | 0 (0–5) | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–5) | NS | 0 (0–2) | 1 (0–13) | NS |
History of overdose | 81 (58%) | 15 (53%) | 81 (58%) | NS | 39 (63%) | 29 (57%) | NS |
Median months incarcerated (IQR) | 21 (2–120) | 0 (0–0) | 52 (11–160) | < 0.001 | 120 (49–211) | 12 (3–30) | < 0.001 |