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Table 2 Percent re-incarcerated within study period by participant baseline characteristics (N=1319)

From: Health-related factors predict return to custody in a large cohort of ex-prisoners: new approaches to predicting re-incarceration

Variable

Number (%)

Number (%) re-incarcerated

Exposed

Unexposed

Demographic

   

  Age (years)

   

   18-24

336 (25.5)

220 (65.5)

-

   25-39

682 (51.7)

407 (59.7)

-

   40+

301 (22.8)

94 (31.2)

-

  Female

279 (21.2)

136 (48.8)

585 (56.3)

  Indigenous

335 (25.4)

238 (71.0)

483 (49.1)

Criminal justice

   

  Prior adult incarceration

884 (67.1)

598 (67.7)

121 (27.9)

  Juvenile incarceration

364 (27.9)

262 (72.0)

448 (47.6)

  Any income from illegal activities†

278 (21.1)

212 (76.3)

508 (48.9)

  Longer sentence (≥6 months)

597 (45.5)

328 (54.9)

391 (54.7)

  Drug-related sentence (QCS report)

402 (30.7)

276 (68.7)

441 (48.6)

Substance use

   

  High risk drinking†

475 (36.8)

294 (61.9)

402 (49.3)

  Risky cannabis use†

611 (46.4)

420 (68.7)

300 (42.4)

  Risky amphetamine use†

504 (38.3)

361 (71.6)

358 (44.0)

  Risky opioid use†

278 (21.1)

212 (76.3)

506 (48.8)

Mental health

   

  History of self-harm

357 (27.1)

196 (54.9)

525 (54.6)

  CNS medications

370 (30.2)

213 (57.6)

448 (52.4)

  Screens positive for intellectual disability

398 (30.7)

248 (62.3)

458 (51.0)

  High psychological distress

341 (26.0)

187 (54.8)

531 (54.6)

Physical health

   

  Two or more chronic illnesses

776 (58.8)

391 (50.4)

330 (60.8)

  Low physical health functioning

326 (25.1)

165 (50.6)

542 (55.7)

  Obese

258 (19.7)

104 (40.3)

612 (58.1)

  Sedentary

340 (25.9)

178 (52.4)

540 (55.4)

  Any STI

367 (27.8)

215 (58.6)

506 (53.2)

Social support

   

  Not married or de-facto

862 (65.4)

487 (56.5)

234 (51.2)

  No visits in past four weeks

706 (53.5)

439 (62.2)

282 (46.0)

  Low perceived social support

251 (19.1)

155 (61.8)

563 (52.9)

  Taken from family as child

262 (19.9)

161 (61.5)

557 (52.9)

Health involvement

   

  Low patient activation

261 (20.0)

170 (65.1)

542 (51.8)

  Physical health not important

38 (2.9)

29 (76.3)

690 (54.0)

  Mental health not important

33 (2.5)

23 (69.7)

697 (54.3)

Socioeconomic

   

  Less than ten years schooling

569 (43.3)

357 (62.7)

361 (48.4)

  Unemployed†

700 (53.1)

436 (62.3)

285 (46.0)

  Unstable housing†

271 (20.6)

166 (61.3)

555 (53.0)

  Below poverty line†

618 (46.9)

344 (55.7)

376 (53.8)

  1. †prior to index incarceration.