Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the randomized sample (N = 507) as a function of criminal justice system (CJS) involvement
Demographics/Clinical Characteristics | CJS-None (n = 331) | CJS-Recommended (n = 69) | CJS-Mandated (n = 107) | Significance Between Groups |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | Mean (SD) or % | F or χ2. P-value | ||
Age | 36.08 (10.80) a | 30.93 (10.90) b | 33.78 (10.54) ab | F (2, 504) = 7.28, p < .001 |
Female | 41.82a | 31.88ab | 29.91b | x 2 (2) = 6.12, p = .047 |
Race/Ethnicity |  |  |  | x 2 (6) = 6.56, p = .36 |
 White (ref.) | 55.89 | 52.17 | 42.99 |  |
 Black | 21.45 | 21.74 | 24.30 | |
 Hispanic/Latino | 10.27 | 10.14 | 13.08 | |
 Other/Mixed | 12.39 | 15.94 | 19.63 | |
Education |  |  |  | x 2 (4) = 4.05, p = .40 |
  < High School | 21.45 | 30.43 | 24.30 |  |
 High School | 61.33 | 56.52 | 63.55 | |
  > High School | 17.22 | 13.04 | 12.15 | |
Employed | 41.99 | 40.58 | 39.25 | x 2 (2) = 0.26, p = .88 |
Single/Never Married | 56.80a | 73.91b | 64.49ab | x 2 (2) = 7.81, p = .02 |
Internet Use (90d) |  |  |  | x 2 (6) = 14.60, p = .02 |
 None (no) | 27.49 | 21.74 | 25.23 |  |
 Less than once/week | 7.25 | 10.14 | 5.61 | |
 At least once/week | 15.41 | 33.33 | 20.56 | |
 At least once/day (ref) | 49.85 | 34.78 | 48.60 | |
Insurance (90d) | 78.25a | 73.91ab | 65.09b | x 2 (2) = 7.43, p = .02 |
Baseline drug abstinence | 53.47 | 53.62 | 57.01 | x 2 (2) = 0.42, p = .81 |
Days of any Substance Use (90d) | 47.47 (27.06) a | 44.29 (27.13) a | 36.02 (25.54) b | x 2 (2) = 14.70+, p < .001 |
Age of Onset (Dependence) | 22.82 (9.00) | 20.38 (7.78) | 21.47 (6.73) | F (2, 460) = 2.29, p = .11 |
Years of Substance Use (Dependence) | 13.22 (10.66) | 10.67 (8.90) | 12.83 (10.06) | x 2 (2) = 2.27+, p = .32 |
Primary Substance |  |  |  | x 2 (10) = 24.12, p = .007 |
 Alcohol | 20.54 | 13.04 | 25.23 |  |
 Cocaine | 22.05 | 24.64 | 11.21 | |
 Other Stimulants | 12.08 | 11.59 | 19.63 | |
 Opioids (ref.) | 24.47 | 20.29 | 12.15 | |
 Cannabis | 18.73 | 28.99 | 29.91 | |
 Other | 2.11 | 1.45 | 1.87 | |
Current Depressive Disorder | 24.17a | 17.39ab | 13.08b | x 2 (2) = 6.61, p = .04 |
Current Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 29.61 | 23.19 | 24.30 | x 2 (2) = 1.92, p = .38 |
Current Panic Disorder | 17.52 | 23.19.20 | 16.82 | x 2 (2) = 1.39, p = .50 |
Psychological Distress (Brief Symptom Inventory) | 14.38 (12.62) a | 12.49 (12.31) ab | 11.51 (12.37) b | x 2 (2) = 8.87+, p = .02 |
Physical Health (0–100) | 72.24 (19.67) a | 70.03 (21.68) a | 76.85 (17.78) b | x 2 (2) = 6.17+, p = .046 |
Social Adjustment Total Score | 2.21 (0.48) | 2.17 (0.54) | 2.09 (0.50) | F (2, 504) = 1.71, p = .18 |