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Table 3 Generalized structural equation model (n = 8816)

From: Health care needs and service use among male prison inmates in the United States: A multi-level behavioral model of prison health service utilization

 

Outcome

Need Factors

Health services

Medical problem

Illness

Dental problem

Unintentional injury

Intentional injury

 

OR

p

CI-

CI+

OR

p

CI-

CI+

OR

p

CI-

CI+

OR

p

CI-

CI+

OR

p

CI-

CI+

 

OR

p

CI-

CI+

← Need factors

 Medical condition

8.11

***

6.49

10.14

    

0.65

***

0.59

0.72

0.68

***

0.61

0.75

0.96

 

0.86

1.07

0.98

 

0.87

1.10

 Illness

1.91

***

1.60

2.28

0.65

***

0.59

0.73

    

0.75

***

0.67

0.84

1.16

*

1.03

1.30

1.26

***

1.11

1.44

 Dental problem

8.79

***

7.31

10.56

0.68

***

0.62

0.76

0.75

***

0.67

0.84

    

1.06

 

0.96

1.18

1.17

**

1.04

1.32

 Unintentional injury

6.50

***

5.07

8.32

0.96

 

0.86

1.08

1.16

*

1.03

1.30

1.06

 

0.96

1.18

    

1.55

***

1.38

1.75

Intentional injury

3.30

***

2.56

4.27

0.99

 

0.88

1.12

1.27

***

1.11

1.45

1.17

**

1.04

1.32

1.55

***

1.38

1.75

    

← Predisposing factors

 Age centered on 18

1.03

***

1.02

1.04

1.05

***

1.05

1.06

1.02

***

1.01

1.02

1.03

***

1.02

1.04

0.99

***

0.98

0.99

0.99

**

0.99

1.00

 Black

1.24

*

1.05

1.47

1.41

***

1.24

1.60

0.94

 

0.82

1.06

0.98

 

0.87

1.10

1.12

 

0.99

1.26

0.80

**

0.69

0.93

 Hispanic

0.90

 

0.72

1.14

0.99

 

0.84

1.15

1.09

 

0.91

1.31

0.85

*

0.74

0.97

1.01

 

0.86

1.17

1.09

 

0.91

1.32

 Other race

0.93

 

0.68

1.28

1.32

**

1.08

1.62

0.90

 

0.72

1.14

1.02

 

0.85

1.24

1.36

**

1.10

1.68

0.99

 

0.79

1.24

 Foreign born

1.35

 

0.99

1.84

0.87

 

0.72

1.05

0.86

 

0.69

1.07

1.13

 

0.93

1.37

0.92

 

0.74

1.13

0.87

 

0.69

1.12

 Never married

1.11

 

0.95

1.29

0.82

***

0.74

0.90

1.15

**

1.02

1.29

1.06

 

0.95

1.18

1.01

 

0.91

1.13

1.45

***

1.27

1.65

 High school education

0.91

 

0.77

1.06

0.89

*

0.80

0.99

1.39

***

1.24

1.55

1.12

*

1.01

1.23

1.42

***

1.28

1.58

1.09

 

0.96

1.23

 Prior employment

0.96

 

0.84

1.11

0.89

*

0.80

0.98

0.98

 

0.87

1.11

1.09

 

0.99

1.21

1.10

 

0.99

1.23

0.82

***

0.73

0.92

 Veteran

0.81

 

0.63

1.04

0.97

 

0.83

1.14

1.06

 

0.89

1.26

0.96

 

0.82

1.12

1.16

 

1.00

1.35

1.03

 

0.84

1.27

← Vulnerability factors

 Past incarceration episodes

1.01

 

0.95

1.08

0.97

 

0.93

1.02

0.98

 

0.94

1.03

1.03

 

0.99

1.06

0.98

 

0.94

1.02

0.97

 

0.93

1.02

 Mood/Anxiety disorder

0.94

 

0.77

1.14

1.99

***

1.76

2.25

1.04

 

0.91

1.19

1.24

***

1.09

1.41

1.18

*

1.04

1.34

1.63

***

1.42

1.88

 Schizophrenia

2.36

***

1.47

3.78

1.02

 

0.80

1.30

0.96

 

0.75

1.22

1.07

 

0.82

1.39

0.85

 

0.64

1.12

1.10

 

0.86

1.41

 Alcohol/Drug dependence

1.01

 

0.88

1.16

1.01

 

0.91

1.12

1.15

**

1.04

1.28

1.07

 

0.97

1.18

0.91

 

0.82

1.00

1.13

*

1.02

1.26

← Enabling factors

 Visits from family/friends

  1 in past month

1.16

 

0.93

1.45

                    

  2+ in past month

1.19

 

0.97

1.44

                    

 Phone Calls from family/friends

  1 in past week

1.09

 

0.90

1.31

                    

  2+ in past week

1.22

*

1.03

1.45

                    

 Drug offender

0.92

 

0.76

1.11

                    

 Violent offender

1.07

 

0.89

1.28

                    

 Hours in work assignment

1.00

 

1.00

1.01

                    

 Years incarcerated

1.13

***

1.09

1.18

                    

 Years incarcerated squared

1.00

***

0.99

1.00

                    

← Prison-level predisposing factors

 Proportion age 25 or younger

0.93

 

0.37

2.32

                    

 Proportion black

2.22

**

1.24

3.95

                    

 Proportion hispanic

1.84

 

0.95

3.56

                    

 Proportion violent offenders

2.03

**

1.21

3.42

                    

 Random effects (se)

0.23

 

0.14

0.38

                    
  1. Model adjusted for complex survey design *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.10; ***p ≤ 0.001
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Health & Justice

ISSN: 2194-7899

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