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Table 3 Demographic, offense, clinical and traumatic exposure characteristics by NSSI status within gender

From: Contributors to nonsuicidal self-injury in incarcerated youth

 

Males

Females

 

No self-injury (n = 266) n (%)

Lifetime NSSI (n = 55) n (%)

Lifetime nonsuicidal cuttinga (n = 37) n (%)

No self-injury (n = 266) n (%)

Lifetime NSSI (n = 37) n (%)

Lifetime nonsuicidal cuttinga (n = 21) n (%)

Age (in years)b

17.6 (1.6)**

16.9 (1.9)

16.8 (2.0)

16.6 (1.5)

16.6 (1.6)

16.7 (1.9)

Highest academic gradeb

10.0 (1.5)

9.9 (1.6)

9.6 (1.9)

9.2 (1.6)

9.5 (1.6)

9.7 (1.8)

White (vs nonwhite)

88 (47.1)

39 (70.9)**

26 (92.9)***

22 (27.8)

22 (59.5)***

15 (71.4)***

Repeat offender status

178 (95.2)

53 (96.4)

26 (92.9)

63 (81.8)

31 (88.6)

18 (85.7)

Age at first offense (in years)b

12.8 (1.8)

12.8 (1.9)

12.8 (1.9)

13.1 (1.8)

13.5 (1.4)

13.5 (1.3)

Interpersonal offense

95 (51.1)

25 (45.5)

14 (50.0)

41 (51.9)

18 (48.6)

11 (52.4)

Mental health disorder or condition

 Any disorder

77 (41.2)

38 (69.1)***

17 (60.7)

35 (44.3)

26 (70.3)**

13 (51.9)

 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

3 (1.6)

2 (3.6)

1 (3.5)

4 (5.1)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Major Depressive Disorder

6 (3.2)

7 (12.7)**

3 (7.1)

4 (5.1)

5 (13.5)

2 (4.8)

 Conduct Disorder

29 (15.5)

16 (29.1)*

8 (28.6)

18 (23.1)

10 (27.0)

6 (28.6)

 Substance Use Disorder

52 (27.8)

23 (41.8)

12 (42.9)

12 (15.4)

12 (32.4)*

6 (28.6)

 Past 4 weeks suicide attempt

0 (0.0)

3 (5.5)**

1 (3.6)**

0 (0.0)

1 (2.7)

0 (0.0)

 Lifetime suicide attempt

6 (3.2)

12 (21.8)***

8 (28.6)***

3 (3.8)

11 (29.7)***

6 (28.6)***

Traumatic Exposure

 Forced sexual activity

7 (3.8)

6 (10.9)*

3 (10.7)

17 (21.5)

23 (62.2)***

13 (61.9)***

 Nonsexual assault

91 (48.9)

40 (72.7)**

20 (71.4)*

26 (32.9)

17 (45.9)

11 (52.4)

  1. Note. NSSI nonsuicidal self-injury. a Individuals are a subset of those with lifetime NSSI and can have other nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior (i.e., they are not individuals who only engaged in nonsuicidal cutting); bMean (SD); ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05 designate significant differences between NSSI group and non-injurers within gender