Table 1 Participant characteristics and modified poisson regression associations with poor psychiatric well-being among incarcerated men who reported regular injecting drug use prior to their current sentence (n = 317)

  ≤ 30

1

1

 31–40

1.15(0.88–1.51)

1.33 (0.97–1.82)

  ≥ 41

0.88 (0.64–1.21)

1.08 (0.73–1.60)

  ≤ 9 years completed

1

1

  ≥ 10 years completed

1.23 (0.95–1.59)

1.18 (0.90–1.56)

 Stable

1

1

 Unstable

0.96 (0.76–1.21)

0.98 (0.77–1.26)

 No

1

1

 Yes

0.82 (0.63–1.07)

0.90 (0.67–1.22)

 None

1

1

 One

1.51 (1.06–2.17)**

1.33 (0.90–1.98)

  ≥ Two

1.93 (1.39–2.67)**

1.87 (1.30–2.67)**

 Negative/Don’t know

1

1

 Positive

0.96 (0.69–1.08)

0.92 (0.71–1.18)

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.59 (1.27–2.00)**

1.36 (1.03–1.78)*

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.19 (0.92–1.55)

1.02 (0.76–1.37)

Level of Service Inventory (M, SD)

1.08 (1.00–1.16)

1.08 (0.96–1.21)

 Maximum

1

1

 Medium

0.86 (0.66–1.11)

0.95 (0.72–1.26)

 Minimum

0.71 (0.53–.96)*

0.96 (.66–1.41)

 0–3

1

1

  ≥ 4

0.89 (0.70–1.11)

0.84 (0.63–1.11)

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.05 (0.84–1.31)

0.99 (0.73–1.35)

 Heroin only

1

1

 Methamphetamine only

1.54 (1.08–2.19)*

1.52 (1.05–2.22*)

 Both heroin and methamphetamine

1.07 (0.72–1.58)

0.96 (0.63–1.48)

 No

1

1

 Yes

0.99 (0.77–1.27)

1.00 (0.75–1.33)

  ≤ 16

1

1

 17–20

0.93 (0.72–1.21)

0.88 (0.64–1.20)

  ≥ 21

0.94 (0.71–1.25)

1.00 (0.74–1.34)

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.12 (0.87–1.44)

1.09 (0.81–1.47)

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.28 (1.01–1.61)*

1.13 (0.83–1.54)

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.21 (0.94–1.57)

1.05 (0.76–1.46)