HIV treatment outcomes among formerly incarcerated transitions clinic patients in a high prevalence setting

Health & Justice

Table 1 Patient demographic and clinical characteristics, by site of care

Covariate		Comparison group (n = 100)	Transitions (n = 38)	p-value¹
Demographics
Age: Mean (S.D.)		49 (9)	49 (9)	0.98
Male gender		90 (90%)	35 (92%)	0.71
Race	Black/African-American	52 (52%)	17 (45%)	0.09
	Hispanic/Latino	46 (46%)	17 (45%)
	Other²	2 (2%)	4 (11%)
HIV variables
VL suppressed at care initiation		29 (29%)	22 (58%)	< 0.01
Recent HIV diagnosis³		19 (18%)	2 (5%)	0.04
Reported years diagnosed with HIV⁴ (S.D.)		11.0 (9.5)	14.8 (8.7)	0.03
On ART during follow-up		90 (90%)	37 (97%)	0.18
HIV risk factor	Heterosexual	58 (58%)	20 (53%)	0.57
	MSM⁵	33 (32%)	2 (5%)	< 0.01
	Injection drug use	12 (12%)	20 (53%)	< 0.01
	Transfusion	1 (1%)	0 (0%)	N/A
	Unknown	1 (1%)	4 (11%)	< 0.01
Comorbidities
Chronic illness⁶		67 (67%)	24 (63%)	0.67
Hepatitis C infection		19 (19%)	25 (66%)	< 0.01
Current substance use disorder		24 (24%)	22 (58%)	< 0.01
Current opioid use disorder⁷		12 (12%)	21 (55%)	< 0.01
Current cocaine use disorder		5 (5%)	8 (21%)	< 0.01
Current alcohol use disorder		9 (9%)	5 (13%)	0.47
Psychiatric illness⁸		39 (39%)	20 (53%)	0.15
Chronic non-malignant pain⁹		39 (39%)	21 (55%)	0.09
Current smoking		41 (41%)	30 (79%)	< 0.01
Receiving buprenorphine maintenance treatment		2 (2%)	11 (29%)	< 0.01
Receiving prescription opioid analgesics¹⁰		21 (21%)	3 (8%)	0.08

¹For statistical tests of bivariate association: t-test for continuous variables, chi-square for categorical variables, Fisher’s Exact test for categorical variables with expected cell size < 5
²“Other” includes white and mixed-race
³Within 12 months of care initiation
⁴HIV diagnosis date information was available for 131 patients total
⁵Sexual transmission: men who have sex with men
⁶Chronic non-infectious disease diagnosis: e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, etc.
⁷DSM-IV diagnosis of opioid dependence
⁸DSM-IV Axis I diagnoses, including: Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Mood Disorder (Not Otherwise Specified), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Panic Disorder, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, AIDS Dementia Complex
⁹Pain lasting > 12 weeks due to factors other than malignancy, e.g. intervertebral disc disease, osteoarthritis, or neuropathy
¹⁰Chronic pain as described above; HIV provider renews opioid analgesic prescription to be used daily for at least 3 continuous months

ISSN: 2194-7899