Adverse childhood experiences: a retrospective study to understand their associations with lifetime mental health diagnosis, self-harm or suicide attempt, and current low mental wellbeing in a male Welsh prison population

Table 1 Sample characteristics and prevalence of lifetime mental illness diagnosis, low MWB and self-harm and suicide outcomes

Category		All	Percentage reporting outcome
			Lifetime mental illness diagnosis	Self-harm		Suicide attempt		Current Low MWB^a
			Lifetime mental illness diagnosis	Lifetime	Lifetime in prison	Lifetime	Lifetime in prison	Current Low MWB^a
All	%		48.7	33.1	19.9	32.1	10.7	29.6
ACE count	0	15.8	35.1	8.1	2.7	17.6	2.7	13.5
	1	17.7	33.7	18.1	10.8	13.3	3.6	24.1
	2–3	20.9	37.8	31.6	16.3	25.5	6.1	22.4
	≥4	45.5	64.3	48.4	31.0	47.4	18.3	40.8
	X²		38.388	51.807	35.246	45.615	24.405	25.401
	P		< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Age group (years)	18–20	9.2	27.9	25.6	14.0	25.6	4.7	25.6
	21–24	16.2	43.4	42.1	32.9	28.9	10.5	25.3
	25–29	19.7	45.7	29.3	16.3	33.7	17.4	29.3
	30–39	28.0	53.4	33.6	17.6	30.5	7.6	28.2
	≥40	26.9	56.3	32.5	19.0	36.5	11.1	35.2
	X²		12.758	4.496	10.271	2.564	7.281	2.987
	P		0.013	0.343	0.036	0.633	0.122	0.560
Ethnicity	White	84.2	52.5	35.0	21.3	34.8	11.9	31.8
	Other	15.8	28.4	23.0	12.2	17.6	4.1	17.8
	X²		14.555	4.086	3.281	8.467	4.049	5.788
	P		< 0.001	0.043	0.070	0.004	0.044	0.016
Qualifications	No qualifications	31.0	49.0	30.3	18.6	33.1	9.7	37.2
	Secondary school	36.5	48.5	40.4	27.5	35.1	12.3	30.0
	College/6th form	25.0	50.4	30.8	14.5	30.8	12.0	23.3
	Higher education	7.5	42.9	17.1	5.7	17.1	2.9	17.1
	X²		0.624	8.866	12.87	4.458	3.066	8.906
	P		0.891	0.031	0.005	0.216	0.382	0.031

ISSN: 2194-7899