| |
Individual Needs
| | | |
|
Prison as a traumatic space
|
Culturally appropriate trauma informed support
|
x
|
x
|
(Baldry, 2009; Baldry et al., 2008a)
|
|
Ongoing cycle of disadvantage
|
Drug and alcohol services
|
x
|
x
|
(Burgess, 2016; ESSQ Community Services Consultancy, 2018; Stone, 2013)
|
|
Mental health services
|
x
|
x
|
(Burgess, 2016; Stone, 2013; Walker et al., 2019)
|
|
Domestic violence services
|
x
|
x
|
(Baldry, 2009; Baldry et al., 2008a)
|
|
Family counselling
|
x
|
x
|
(Baldry, 2009; Baldry et al., 2008a; Frye & Dawe, 2008; Stone, 2013)
|
|
Legal advice
|
x
|
x
|
(Baldry, 2009; Baldry et al., 2008a; Baldry et al., 2008b; Burgess, 2016)
|
|
Physical health services
|
x
|
x
|
(ESSQ Community Services Consultancy, 2018)
|
|
Transitional and long-term housing
| |
x
|
(Baldry, 2009; Baldry et al., 2008a; ESSQ Community Services Consultancy, 2018; Flynn, 2008; Perry et al., 2009; Perry et al., 2011; Rossiter et al., 2015, b; Stone, 2013; Stone et al., 2015; Walker, 2018)
|
|
Educational and vocational training
|
x
|
x
|
(Baldry et al., 2008a; Stone, 2013; Stone et al., 2015)
|
|
Addressing poverty and other systemic factors which perpetuate crime
| |
x
|
(Johnson et al., 2019; Stone, 2013)
|
|
Transition out of prison as a vulnerable period
|
Pre-release planning
|
x
| |
(Flynn, 2008)
|
|
Continuity of care
| |
x
|
(Baldry, 2009; Baldry et al., 2008a; ESSQ Community Services Consultancy, 2018; Frye & Dawe, 2008; Stone, 2013; Stone et al., 2015; Stone et al., 2017)
|
|
Services which address intersecting needs
| |
x
|
(Burgess, 2016; ESSQ Community Services Consultancy, 2018; Frye & Dawe, 2008; Stone, 2013)
|
|
Intensive post-release health support for women with complex health needs
| |
x
|
(Burgess, 2016; ESSQ Community Services Consultancy, 2018; Frye & Dawe, 2008; Stone, 2013)
|
|
Needs related to children
| | | |
|
Mothers Identity and maternal role in prison
|
Support for parenting and parenting skills
|
x
|
x
|
(Baldry, 2009; Baldry et al., 2008a; Baldry et al., 2008b; Flynn, 2008, 2014; Frye & Dawe, 2008; Perry et al., 2011; Rossiter et al., 2016; Rossiter et al., 2015, b; Stone, 2013; Walker et al., 2019; Walker, 2018)
|
|
Involvement in planning care arrangements for children including time to plan and realistic expectations of risk of imprisonment at sentencing
|
x
| |
(Burgess, 2016; Flat Out Inc. and VACRO, 2006; Flynn, 2008; Flynn, 2013)
|
|
Access to parenting programs
|
x
| |
(Frye & Dawe, 2008; Perry et al., 2009; Perry et al., 2011; Rossiter et al., 2016; Rossiter et al., 2015, b)
|
|
Pre-release planning
|
x
| |
(Flynn, 2008)
|
|
Legal and other support to assist with reunification with children
| |
x
|
(Burgess, 2016; ESSQ Community Services Consultancy, 2018; Flat Out Inc. and VACRO, 2006; Flynn, 2008, 2011; Frye & Dawe, 2008; Perry et al., 2009; Perry et al., 2011; Rossiter et al., 2016; Rossiter et al., 2015, b; Stone et al., 2015; Stone et al., 2017; Walker, 2018)
|
|
Importance and disruption of mother-child relationship
|
A range of options for positive ongoing contact, including predictable and high quality in-person visits with children in safe, conducive environments and affordable, flexible contact via phone and mail
|
x
| |
(Baldry, 2009; Baldry et al., 2008a; Flat Out Inc. and VACRO, 2006; Flynn, 2008; Flynn, 2013; Flynn, 2014; Perry et al., 2009; Perry et al., 2011; Stone, 2013; Stone et al., 2017)
|
|
Broader access to in-prison residential care arrangements for children that does not routinely exclude women on remand
|
x
| |
(Walker, 2018)
|
|
In-prison residential care arrangements for children
|
x
| |
(Walker, 2018)
|
|
Facilitation of contact through coordination with child protection services
| | |
(Flat Out Inc. and VACRO, 2006)
|
|
Ensuring the needs and rights of the child are met
|
Children’s needs
| | | |
|
Housing
|
x
|
x
|
(Baldry, 2009; Baldry et al., 2008b; Burgess, 2016; Flat Out Inc. and VACRO, 2006; Perry et al., 2009; Una Stone et al., 2015; Stone et al., 2017)
|
|
Care arrangements
|
x
|
x
|
(Burgess, 2016; Flat Out Inc. and VACRO, 2006; Flynn, 2008, 2011, 2012; Flynn, 2013; Stone, 2013; Stone et al., 2017; Walker et al., 2019)
|
|
Schooling
|
x
|
x
|
(Baldry et al., 2008b; Flat Out Inc. and VACRO, 2006)
|
|
Physical health
|
x
|
x
|
(Walker, 2018)
|
|
Safety
|
x
|
x
|
(Flat Out Inc. and VACRO, 2006; Perry et al., 2009)
|
|
Emotional support
|
x
|
x
|
(Baldry, 2009; Baldry et al., 2008a; Baldry et al., 2008b; Flat Out Inc. and VACRO, 2006; Flynn, 2008, 2014; Frye & Dawe, 2008)
|
|
Contact with parent
|
x
|
x
|
(Baldry, 2009; Baldry et al., 2008a; Baldry et al., 2008b; Flat Out Inc. and VACRO, 2006; Flynn, 2008, 2014; Frye & Dawe, 2008).
|
|
Children who live in adult prisons
| | | |
|
Formalised support for mothers in mother and children units
|
x
| |
(Walker, 2018)
|
|
Access to healthcare
|
x
| |
(Walker, 2018)
|
|
Access to education
|
x
| |
(Walker, 2018)
|
|
Needs related to community and family
| | | |
|
Social and family support (or lack thereof)
|
Family and social support
|
x
|
x
|
(Baldry, 2009; Baldry et al., 2008a; Flat Out Inc. and VACRO, 2006; Flynn, 2008, 2011, 2012; Frye & Dawe, 2008; Perry et al., 2009; Rossiter et al., 2015, b; Stone, 2013; Walker, 2018)
|
|
Stigma
|
Non-stigmatising support services
|
x
|
x
|
(Rossiter et al., 2015, b)
|
|
Systems and services
| | | |
|
Accessibility, affordability and acceptability of services, including government and statutory services
|
Comprehensive health services
|
x
|
x
|
(ESSQ Community Services Consultancy, 2018)
|
|
Strengths based
|
x
|
x
|
(Rossiter et al., 2016; Stone, 2013)
|
|
Provided by trusted individuals
|
x
|
x
|
(Baldry, 2009; Baldry et al., 2008b; ESSQ Community Services Consultancy, 2018; Frye & Dawe, 2008; Stone, 2013; Stone et al., 2015)
|
|
Flexible
|
x
|
x
|
(Baldry et al., 2008a; Stone, 2013; Stone et al., 2017)
|
|
Long term
|
x
|
x
|
(Frye & Dawe, 2008; Stone, 2013)
|
|
Continuity between prison and release
|
x
|
x
|
(Baldry, 2009; Baldry et al., 2008a; ESSQ Community Services Consultancy, 2018; Frye & Dawe, 2008; Stone, 2013; Stone et al., 2015; Stone et al., 2017)
|
|
Focus on rehabilitation
|
x
|
x
|
(Stone et al., 2015; Stone et al., 2017)
|
|
Individualised and intensive
|
x
|
x
|
(Baldry, 2009; Baldry et al., 2008b; ESSQ Community Services Consultancy, 2018; Frye & Dawe, 2008; Stone, 2013; Stone et al., 2017)
|
|
Co-ordinated across agencies
|
x
|
x
|
(Baldry, 2009; Baldry et al., 2008a; Baldry et al., 2008b; ESSQ Community Services Consultancy, 2018; Flat Out Inc. and VACRO, 2006; Flynn, 2008; Frye & Dawe, 2008; Stone, 2013; Stone et al., 2017)
|
|
Culturally appropriate
|
x
|
x
|
(Baldry, 2009; Baldry et al., 2008a; Baldry et al., 2008b)
|
|
Family focused child protection and housing services
|
x
|
x
|
(Stone et al., 2015)
|
|
Invisibility of parenting role in government service provision
|
Formal processes which recognise parenting status at all stages of contact with the justice system, including arrest, sentencing, imprisonment and release
|
x
|
x
|
(Flat Out Inc. and VACRO, 2006; Flynn, 2008)
|
|
Formal supportive frameworks for residential mother’s and children’s programmes
|
x
|
x
|
(Walker, 2018)
|
|
Successes and barriers to parenting programs in prison
|
Access to parenting programs which address parenting issues for both younger and older children and acknowledge separation from children
|
x
| |
(Perry et al., 2009; Perry et al., 2011)
|
