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Table 2 Associations between BMVP factors and routine or preventive health care utilization

From: Routine and preventive health care use in the community among women sentenced to probation

BMVP factor

RR1

(95% CI)

p-value

Predisposing

 Age, category

  19–32

ref

  

  33–43

1.06

(0.86, 1.31)

0.58

  44–53

1.30

(1.09, 1.57)

0.004

  54–69

1.16

(0.94, 1.44)

0.16

 Race

  Black

ref

  

  White

0.69

(0.49, 0.97)

0.03

  Latinx

0.84

(0.60, 1.18)

0.32

  Asian/Pacific Islander

1.00

(0.77, 1.28)

0.97

  Multiracial

0.89

(0.54, 1.47)

0.65

 Education level

  Less than high school or GED

ref

  

  High school or GED

1.00

(0.85, 1.17)

0.98

  Any college

0.98

(0.83, 1.15)

0.76

 Income >$1000/month

1.02

(0.91, 1.15)

0.70

 Stable housing situation2

1.14

(1.00, 1.30)

0.06

 Homeless2

0.89

(0.80, 0.99)

0.03

 Living with children

1.24

(1.08, 1.42)

0.003

Enabling/impeding

 Have primary care provider2

2.34

(1.86, 2.95)

< 0.001

 Enrolled in Medicaid post-ACA

0.80

(0.69, 0.92)

0.001

 Severe subsistence difficulty

0.72

(0.57, 0.90)

0.005

 Recently arrested2

0.86

(0.74, 1.00)

0.06

 Currently on probation2

0.86

(0.76, 0.97)

0.01

Need

 At least one chronic health conditiona

1.40

(1.14, 1.74)

0.002

 Mental health condition

1.05

(0.89, 1.25)

0.54

 Unmet mental health need, past 6 months2

0.82

(0.74, 0.92)

0.001

 Received care at Emergency Dept, past 6 months2

1.00

(0.89, 1.12)

0.97

 Moderate to severe drug problem (DAST)

0.88

(0.76, 1.01)

0.08

 Alcohol problem (AUDIT-C)

0.96

(0.84, 1.11)

0.61

  1. 1Relative risks (RR) estimated using separate Poisson regression generalized estimating equations
  2. 2Time-varying, asked at every interview
  3. Bold indicates p < 0.05
  4. ACA: Affordable Care Act; CI: confidence interval