Table 3 Measurement invariance tests across age, race, sex, income, sexual identity, and sexual orientation groups
Modela | Tests of Invariance & Structure | df | CFI | TLI | RMSEA [90% C.I.] | SRMR | Δ df | Δ CFI | Δ TLI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. Across Age Groups | |||||||||
  A1 | Measurement model | 246 | 0.994 | 0.992 | .017 [.016 − .018] | .044 | -- | -- | -- |
  A2 a | Second-order model/configural invariance | 258 | 0.988 | 0.985 | .024 [.023 − .025] | .062 | 12 | .006 | .007 |
  A3 b | First-order within-scale parallel model | 306 | 0.984 | 0.983 | .026 [.025 − .026] | .073 | 48 | .004 | .002 |
  A4 | First- and second-order metric invariance | 321 | 0.984 | 0.984 | .025 [.024 − .026] | .075 | 15 | .000 | + .001 |
  A5 | First- and second-order scalar invariance | 401 | 0.981 | 0.984 | .024 [.024 − .025] | .078 | 80 | .003 | .000 |
B. Across Race Groups | |||||||||
  B1 | Measurement model | 205 | 0.994 | 0.992 | .015 [.014 − .016] | .037 | -- | -- | -- |
  B2 a | Second-order model/configural invariance | 215 | 0.986 | 0.982 | .023 [.022 − .023] | .057 | 10 | .008 | .010 |
  B3 b | First-order within-scale parallel model | 255 | 0.983 | 0.982 | .022 [.022 − .023] | .069 | 40 | .003 | + .000 |
  B4 | First- and second-order metric invariance | 267 | 0.984 | 0.984 | .022 [.021 − .022] | .070 | 12 | + .001 | + .002 |
  B5 | First- and second-order scalar invariance | 331 | 0.983 | 0.986 | .020 [.019 − .021] | .071 | 64 | .001 | + .002 |
 C. Across Sex Groups | |||||||||
  C1 | Measurement model | 82 | 0.994 | 0.992 | .016 [.015 − .017] | .038 | -- | -- | -- |
  C2 a | Second-order model/configural invariance | 86 | 0.987 | 0.984 | .023 [.022 − .023] | .059 | 4 | .007 | .008 |
  C3 b | First-order within-scale parallel model | 102 | 0.985 | 0.984 | .022 [.021 − .023] | .069 | 16 | .002 | + .000 |
  C4 | First- and second-order metric invariance | 105 | 0.985 | 0.985 | .022 [.021 − .022] | .070 | 3 | + .000 | + .001 |
  C5 | First- and second-order scalar invariance | 121 | 0.984 | 0.986 | .021 [.020 − .022] | .071 | 16 | .001 | + .001 |
D. Across Income (SES) Groups | |||||||||
  D1 | Measurement model | 205 | 0.993 | 0.991 | .018 [.017 − .019] | .040 | -- | -- | -- |
  D2 a | Second-order model/configural invariance | 215 | 0.984 | 0.980 | .026 [.025 − .027] | .062 | 10 | .009 | .011 |
  D3 b | First-order within-scale parallel model | 255 | 0.980 | 0.979 | .027 [.026 − .028] | .074 | 40 | .004 | .001 |
  D4 | First- and second-order metric invariance | 267 | 0.981 | 0.981 | .026 [.025 − .026] | .074 | 12 | + .001 | + .002 |
  D5 | First- and second-order scalar invariance | 331 | 0.981 | 0.984 | .023 [.022 − .024] | .075 | 64 | .000 | + .003 |
E. Sexual Identity Groups | |||||||||
  E1 | Measurement model | 82 | 0.995 | 0.993 | .013 [.012 − .014] | .037 | -- | -- | -- |
  E2 a | Second-order model/configural invariance | 86 | 0.988 | 0.984 | .019 [.018 − .020] | .057 | 4 | .007 | .009 |
  E3 b | First-order within-scale parallel model | 102 | 0.987 | 0.986 | .018 [.017 − .019] | .068 | 16 | .001 | + .002 |
  E4 | First- and second-order metric invariance | 105 | 0.988 | 0.987 | .018 [.017 − .019] | .068 | 3 | + .001 | + .001 |
  E5 | First- and second-order scalar invariance | 121 | 0.988 | 0.989 | .016 [.015 − .017] | .068 | 16 | .000 | + .002 |
 F. Sexual Orientation Groups | |||||||||
  F1 | Measurement model | 82 | 0.996 | 0.994 | .013 [.012 − .015] | .039 | -- | -- | -- |
  F2 a | Second-order model/configural invariance | 90 | 0.990 | 0.987 | .020 [.019 − .021] | .061 | 8 | .006 | .007 |
  F3 b | First-order within-scale parallel model | 102 | 0.988 | 0.987 | .021 [.020 − .022] | .069 | 12 | .002 | .000 |
  F4 | First- and second-order metric invariance | 105 | 0.987 | 0.987 | .021 [.020 − .022] | .070 | 3 | .001 | .000 |
  F5 | First- and second-order scalar invariance | 121 | 0.988 | 0.989 | .019 [.018 − .020] | .070 | 16 | + .001 | + .002 |
G. Common Factor Model | |||||||||
  G1 | Measurement model | 41 | 0.993 | 0.991 | .017 [.016 − .017] | .036 | -- | -- | -- |
  G2 a | Second-order model | 43 | 0.987 | 0.983 | .023 [.022 − .023] | .056 | 2 | .006 | .008 |
  G3 b | First-order within-scale parallel model | 51 | 0.986 | 0.985 | .021 [.020 − .022] | .066 | 8 | .001 | + .002 |