Table 1 Baseline characteristics, bivariate associations and modified poisson regression associations for history of non-suicidal self-injury and history of suicide attempt among incarcerated men reporting recent regular injecting drug use prior to current sentence (n = 364)

   ≤ 29

1.72 (1.16–2.54)*

1.53 (0.91–2.55)

1

1

  30–39

1.64 (1.14–2.35)*

1.46 (1.01–2.10)*

1.13 (0.86–1.50)

1.11 (0.82–1.51)

   ≥ 40

1

1

1.02 (0.75–1.38)

1.19 (0.81–1.75)

  ≤ 9 years

1

1

1

1

  ≥ 10 years

0.83 (0.63–1.08)

0.88 (0.66–1.19)

0.97 (0.78–1.21)

0.98 (0.77–1.23)

  None

1

1

1

1

  1–2

1.29 (0.89–1.88)

1.35 (0.92–1.98)

1.08 (0.81–1.45)

1.16 (0.87–1.53)

  ≥ 3

1.54 (1.11–2.13)*

1.40 (1.01–1.95)*

1.20 (0.93–1.55)

1.13 (0.88–1.46)

  Continuous/intermittent

1

1

1

1

  Unemployed/mostly without work

1.16 (0.89–1.52)

1.08 (0.81–1.43)

1.05 (0.84–1.30)

0.96 (0.77–1.21)

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

1.23 (0.89–1.71)

1.15 (0.83–1.61)

1.20 (0.93–1.56)

1.14 (0.87–1.50)

  Single

1

1

1

1

  Married/regular partner

1.08 (0.82–1.42)

1.06 (0.81–1.39)

1.07 (0.86–1.33)

1.08 (0.87–1.34)

  No children

1

1

1

1

  Children without DHHS involvement

0.94 (0.66–1.32)

0.86 (0.60–1.22)

1.11 (0.85–1.46)

0.99 (0.76–1.30)

  Children with DHHS involvement

1.23 (0.89–1.68)

1.08 (0.80–1.47)

1.25 (0.96–1.62)

1.06 (0.82–1.37)

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

1.36 (1.03–1.80)*

1.13 (0.86–1.50)

1.25 (0.99–1.56)

1.19 (0.93–1.53)

  Excellent/good

1

1

1

1

  Fair/poor

1.24 (0.92–1.65)

1.08 (0.79–1.49)

1.23 (0.98–1.55)

1.05 (0.81–1.36)

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

1.61 (1.16–2.22)*

1.27 (0.86–1.88)

1.32 (1.00–1.76)

1.24 (0.91–1.68)

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

1.82 (1.03–3.22)*

1.47 (0.83–2.60)

1.81 (1.13–2.92)*

1.36 (0.86–2.16)

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

2.13 (1.34–3.37)*

1.65 (1.06–2.58)*

2.21 (1.49–3.29)**

1.80 (1.21–2.69)*

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

1.62 (1.23–2.12)*

1.40 (1.07–1.85)*

1.59 (1.28–1.98)**

1.39 (1.11–1.74)*

  Heroin

1

1

1

1

  Methamphetamine

1.24 (0.86–1.77)

0.98 (0.64–1.51)

1.24 (0.86–1.77)

1.26 (0.89–1.79)

  Heroin & methamphetamine

1.34 (0.93–1.91)

1.12 (0.74–1.69)

1.34 (0.93–1.91)

1.34 (0.95–1.89)

  Other

1.18 (0.76–1.84)

1.30 (0.75–2.24)

1.18 (0.76–1.84)

1.32 (0.86–2.00)

   ≤ 18 years

1

1

1

1

   > 18 years

0.85 (0.65–1.11)

0.98 (0.67–1.42)

1.02 (0.82–1.27)

0.93 (0.70–1.24)

  None

1

1

1

1

  1–2

1.53 (1.06–2.20)*

1.43 (0.99–2.07)

1.45 (1.08–1.93)*

1.36 (1.01–1.82)*

   ≥ 3

1.63 (1.18–2.26)*

1.71 (1.21–2.42)*

1.48 (1.14–1.92)*

1.44 (1.10–1.89)*

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

1.19 (0.95–1.50)

0.91 (0.67–1.24)

1.19 (0.95–1.50)

1.13 (0.89–1.42)

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

1.18 (0.90–1.54)

1.01 (0.74–1.38)

0.98 (0.78–1.22)

0.88 (0.69–1.13)

   ≤ 5

1

1

1

1

   > 5

0.92 (0.70–1.20)

0.82 (0.61–1.11)

1.06 (0.85–1.31)

0.98 (0.79–1.22)