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Table 1 Characteristics of cohort (number and proportion (%))

From: Hearing and justice: The link between hearing impairment in early childhood and youth offending in Aboriginal children living in remote communities of the Northern Territory, Australia

Characteristic

Boys (n = 754)

Girls (n = 779)

Audiometry results

 Normal hearing

393 (52.1%)

403 (51.7%)

 Unilateral hearing loss

154 (20.4%)

170 (21.8%)

 Mild hearing impairment

158 (21.0%)

143 (18.4%)

 Moderate or worse hearing impairment

49 (6.5%)

63 (8.1%)

 Age of first audiometry test (median)

10.2

10.2

Contact with child protection system before Year 7a (mutually inclusive group)

 Any child maltreatment notification

282 (37.4%)

258 (33.1%)

 Any neglect notification

169 (22.4%)

141 (18.1%)

 Any physical abuse notification

103 (13.7%)

92 (11.8%)

 Any sexual abuse notification

65 (8.6%)

72 (9.2%)

 Any emotional abuse notification

57 (7.6%)

60 (7.7%)

 Any out-of-home care placement

33 (4.4%)

26 (3.3%)

Child maltreatment notification before Year 7a (mutually exclusive group)

 No child maltreatment report

472 (62.6%)

521 (66.9%)

 Reported for neglect only

98 (13.0%)

78 (10.0%)

 Reported for physical abuse only

51 (6.8%)

40 (5.1%)

 Reported for sexual abuse only

26 (3.4%)

36 (4.6%)

 Reported for emotional abuse only

19 (2.5%)

23 (3.0%)

 Reported for more than one abuse type

88 (11.7%)

81 (10.4%)

Educational experience at Year 7

 Enrolled by mother at Year 7

533 (70.7%)

592 (76.0%)

 School attendance at Year 7

  

 Less than 60%

336 (44.6%)

338 (43.4%)

 > =60% and less than 80%

234 (31.0%)

253 (32.5%)

 > =80%

184 (24.4%)

188 (24.1%)

Community level factors

 Living in most disadvantaged areasb

670 (88.9%)

695 (89.2%)

 Living in very remote regions

677 (89.8%)

703 (90.2%)

  1. aChild protection notifications that occurred after the first youth offending were excluded to maintain the correct temporal order between the child maltreatment and youth offending and to avoid ambiguity that might arise when youth crime precedes maltreatment
  2. bDefined as being in the lowest quintile of Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage (IRSD) based on community where the children go to school at Year 7