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Table 1 Demographic and health utilization of patients identified by correctional/family keywords and all patients (ages 0–21) in electronic health record (EHR) database from February 2006–2020

From: Unjust: the health records of youth with personal/family justice involvement in a large pediatric health system

Patient Characteristics

Patients with Correctional Keywords in the EHR

n = 51,855

All Patients in Database

N = 2,337,632

% of All Patients with Correctional Keyword*

(na/nb)

 

na

%

nb

%

%

Gender

 Female

24,674

47.58%

1,155,026

49.40%

2.14%

 Male

27,167

52.39%

1,182,606

50.60%

2.30%

Age Range**

 0–4 years

6537

12.61%

224,158

9.60%

2.92%

 5–9 years

11,722

22.61%

288,067

12.30%

4.07%

 10–12 years

6913

13.33%

178,947

7.70%

3.86%

 13–18 years

13,911

26.83%

328,909

14.10%

4.23%

 19+ Years

12,764

24.61%

1,318,912

56.40%

0.97%

Race

 Black/African American

16,905

32.60%

309,130

13.20%

5.47%

 White

26,576

51.25%

1,204,313

51.50%

2.21%

 Unknown

2159

4.16%

687,911

29.40%

0.31%

 Multiple Race

4596

8.86%

53,089

2.30%

8.66%

 Asian Race

637

1.23%

36,514

1.60%

1.74%

 Other

141

0.27%

18,699

0.80%

0.75%

 Native Hawaiian

266

0.51%

13,756

0.60%

1.93%

 Refuse to Answer

2159

4.16%

9881

0.40%

21.85%

 American Indian or Alaskan Native

74

0.14%

5694

0.20%

1.30%

Ethnicity

 Not Hispanic or Latino

47,978

92.52%

1,607,625

68.80%

2.98%

 Hispanic or Latino

2353

4.54%

44,912

1.90%

5.24%

Health Insurance Coverage***

 Medicaid/SCHIP

45,479

87.70%

618,899

26.50%

7.35%

 Private/Commercial

13,986

26.97%

635,021

27.20%

2.20%

 Self-Pay

15,294

29.49%

176,528

7.60%

8.66%

 Other-Unknown

4896

9.44%

21,006

0.90%

23.31%

 Medicare

179

0.35%

5812

0.20%

3.08%

  1. Notes: Authors’ analysis of electronic health record data of a large Midwestern pediatric hospital-based institution. (N = 2.3 million unique patients ages 0–21 years). Correctional query words algorithm used in keyword supported search: (“incarcerated” OR “imprisoned” OR “jail” OR “prison” OR “sentenced” OR “parole” OR “probation”). *Number of patients with the given characteristic and a correctional keyword in their medical chart out of the total population. **Age range indicates current age of the youth in the system and not age at time of possible exposure to family history or personal history of correctional involvement. ***Health insurance coverage: counts do not add up as there can be multiple types of insurance used for visit/per patient