Beyond “pains” and “gains”: untangling the health consequences of probation

Health & Justice

Table 1 Characteristics of Study Sample and Self-Reported Health Change

	Percentage Distribution	Health Change Since Starting Probation
	Percentage Distribution	Health Better Before (%)	Health About the Same (%)	Health Better Now (%)
All respondents	100	20	25	55
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	38	23	18	60
Non-Hispanic Black	36	21	29	50
American Indian or Native	7	8	25	67
Hispanic or Latina/o/x	3	25	25	50
Multiracial	6	33	11	56
Other race/ethnicity	11	12	41	47
Gender
Men	76	22	24	54
Women	24	15	26	59
Age
Under 30 years	22	28	19	53
30-39 years	26	21	21	57
40-49 years	26	12	29	60
Over 50 years	26	21	29	50
Highest year of education
Less than high school	32	18	25	57
12th grade or H.S. diploma	21	25	31	44
Some college	26	18	18	65
College graduate or higher	22	24	27	50
Most serious charge for conviction
Drug or alcohol-related offenses	42	12	33	55
Offenses against persons	30	34	17	49
Property offenses	18	10	24	66
Other offenses	10	38	13	50
Years on probation
Less than 1 year	44	25	32	43
1-2 years	28	10	25	65
3-4 years	21	30	13	57
5 years or more	6	22	11	67
N	162	33	40	89

ISSN: 2194-7899