Table 4 Comparison of PIE intervention veterans and matched historical comparison group, considering service use within 90 days of release

Outpatient Linkage

Primary care

 % With Primary care linkage

58.1%

66.7%

0.49

 Primary care linkage (mean time in days to first PCP visit post-release)¹

24.6

21.6

0.492

 PCP visits per month (mean)¹

0.21

0.17

0.683

Substance use disorder (SUD) care

 % with SUD care linkage

86.0%

19.4%

 < 0.0001

 SUD care linkage (mean time in days to first visit post-release if SUD diagnosis)¹

15.3

27.6

0.360

 SUD visits per month (mean)¹

0.96

0.34

.007

Mental health (MH) care

 % with MH care linkage

93.0%

63.8%

0.003

 MH care linkage (mean time in days to first visit –post-release, if MH diagnosis)¹

18.0

25.2

0.112

 MH visits per month (mean)¹

0.74

0.82

0.100

Other outpatient care (e.g., endocrinology, cardiology)

 % with other outpatient care

97.7%

83.3%

0.007

 Other outpatient care linkage (mean time in days to first visit –post-release, if MH diagnosis)¹

6.3

19.8

0.049

 Other outpatient visits per month (mean)¹

2.2

0.78

0.0005

VA Emergency Department (ED) use

 % with VA ED use

7.0%

8.3%

1.00

 ED visits per month (mean)¹

0.06

0.06

1.00

VA Inpatient Hospitalizations

 % with VA Inpatient Hospitalization use

11.6%

8.3%

0.721

 Inpatient episodes per 1 month (mean)¹

1.8

1.4

0.863