Table 3 Summary of primary research articles
Author/Year | Study Type | Country | Intervention | Population | Screening/Diagnosis | n | Follow-up (Weeks) | Results | COI* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asherson 2022 | RCT | UK | OROS-MPH | Male 16–25 | Barkley/clinical interview | 200 | 8 | No difference in ADHD symptoms or secondary outcomes self and observer rated. | Y |
Ginsberg, 2012 | RCT | Sweden | OROS-MPH | Male 21–61 | WURS-25/ASRS/clinical interview | 30 | 5 + 47 open label ext. | Treatment improved self- and observer-rated ADHD symptoms. Treatment and placebo both improved during open-label extension. No drug misuse detected. | Y |
Ginsberg, 2012 | RCT | Sweden | OROS-MPH | Male 21–61 | WURS-25/ASRS/clinical interview | 30 | 5 + 47 open label ext. | Treatment improved verbal working memory, visuospatial working memory, verbal abstract reasoning, motor activity, and some aspects of quality of life. | Y |
Ginsberg 2015 | RCT | Sweden | OROS-MPH | Male 21–61 | WURS-25/ASRS/clinical interview | 24 (year 1), 20 (year 3) | 5 + 47 open label ext. Follow up at 1 & 3 year | ADHD symptom improvement maintained at 1- and 3- year follow up. Participants continuing medication had less ADHD symptoms, alcohol/drug misuse, and functional impairment. | Y |
Konstenius 2014 | RCT double blind | Sweden | OROS-MPH | Male 18–65 w/ amphetamine dependence; final 2 weeks before release | WURS/ASRS/CCPT/clinical interview | 54 | 24 | Compared to placebo, treatment group improved self- and clinician-rated severity, sig more drug-negative urines, longer median retention to treatment, longer time till relapse, and decreased cravings compared to placebo. | N |
Jillani 2016 | Case series | USA | Atomoxetine | Male 16–20 | Clinical interview | 5 | 10 | Investigator-rated ADHD symptoms improved and reduction in anxiety symptoms. | Y |
Bastiaens 2019 | Chart review | USA | Non-stimulants | PWAI with ADHD | Clinical interview | 108 | n/a | ADHD symptoms improved on average. Patients with no history of stimulant use had better treatment response. | N |
Muld 2016 | Quasi-experimental | Sweden | DBT | Males in compulsory care | WURS / ASRS / Clinical interview | 40 | 6 | Improved Self rated ADHD symptoms and general well-being, but no change in staff ratings. | N |
Chaplin, 2021 | QI | UK | Improvements to ADHD pathway | Males | brief-BAARS / DIVA-5 | n/a | n/a | Structured screening, staff training, and other improvements lead to more ADHD diagnosis and treatment. | NS |
Martin, 2006 | Quasi-experimental | USA | EEG biofeedback | Male 14–17 | ADHD diagnosis or psychologist screen | 7 | 7–10 | ADHD symptoms improved, worsened, or didn’t change for different participants. Some improvements in secondary measures. | NS |
Appelbaum, 2011 | Evaluation | USA | Treatment program pathway | Male | n/a | 16,795 | n/a | Over 2 years, 116 received stimulant treatment out of 16,795 candidates. 11 had treatment withdrawn due to misuse. | N |