Table 3 Relationships between participant characteristics and family-driven care implementation

Identifying and Involving Families

Individuals in my agency systematically identify members of each youth’s family unit

4.04 (0.85)

3.81 (0.97)

0.17

3.83 (0.98)

4.00 (0.84)

4.16 (0.60)

3.68 (1.06)

4.04 (0.83)

0.36

In my agency, all youth have a biological, adoptive, foster, or surrogate family voice advocating on their behalf

3.27 (1.24)

3.57 (0.91)

0.15

2.82 (1.18)

3.36 (1.03)

3.11 (1.24)

3.56 (1.00)

3.43 (1.22)

0.25

Informing Families

Individuals in my agency educate family members on the procedures and policies of the juvenile justice system

3.93 (0.95)

3.92 (0.71)

0.92

3.83 (0.70)

3.69 (0.92)

3.70 (1.12)

4.00 (0.80)

4.12 (0.77)

0.19

In my agency, families are given accurate, understandable, and complete information necessary to set goals and make informed decisions about the right services and supports for their children

4.17 (0.64)

4.00 (0.60)

0.15

3.94 (0.94)

4.04 (0.73)

4.15 (0.74)

4.08 (0.57)

4.13 (0.65)

0.88

Collaborative Decision Making and Care Planning

In my agency, families and staff embrace the concept of sharing decision-making and responsibility for outcomes

3.88 (0.88)

3.62 (0.77)

0.1

3.44 (0.92)

3.68 (0.85)

4.05 (0.88)

3.71 (0.75)

3.85 (0.84)

0.23

In my agency, staff advocate for the needs and preferences of families and youth

4.13 (0.82)

3.91 (0.89)

0.18

3.56 (0.92)

4.24 (0.66)

4.30 (0.57)

3.96 (0.97)

4.04 (0.91)

0.06

Individuals in my agency involve families in treatment planning (e.g., family-group decision making or family-group conferencing)

4.27 (0.65)

3.65 (0.91)

 < 0.001

3.89 (1.07)

3.81 (0.69)

4.25 (0.55)

3.54 (1.02)

4.34 (0.68)

 < 0.001

Family Diversity and Inclusion

In my agency, staff embrace, value, and celebrate the diverse cultures of their youth and families

4.10 (0.74)

3.80 (0.77)

0.04

3.89 (0.67)

3.71 (0.90)

4.05 (0.88)

4.00 (0.70)

4.09 (0.73)

0.38

In my agency, staff continually advance their own cultural and linguistic responsiveness, so that the needs of all families are appropriately addressed

3.82 (0.94)

3.60 (0.84)

0.2

3.44 (0.98)

3.60 (1.0)

3.90 (0.72)

3.68 (0.85)

3.80 (1.00)

0.55

Individuals in my agency receive formal training on diversity and inclusion (e.g., cultural humility training, racial sensitivity training, and/or unconscious bias training)

3.86 (1.08)

3.41 (1.17)

0.03

3.59 (1.18)

3.58 (1.23)

3.95 (1.23)

3.40 (0.91)

3.73 (1.13)

0.56

Organizational Feedback and Policy Change

Individuals in my agency encourage families to provide formal feedback on system processes (e.g., through family surveys and/or family town halls)

3.53 (1.1)

3.71 (1.01)

0.38

3.44 (1.24)

3.50 (0.94)

3.50 (1.1)

3.88 (0.95)

3.50 (1.16)

0.59

Individuals in my agency invite family representatives to serve on advisory boards or policy-making committees

2.92 (1.01)

3.40 (1.09)

0.007

3.17 (1.15)

3.08 (0.84)

2.95 (0.88)

3.58 (1.10)

2.98 (1.11)

0.17

Family Peer Support

Individuals in my agency provide opportunities for family members to participate in support groups

3.59 (1.04)

3.40 (0.92)

0.29

3.67 (0.97)

3.35 (0.97)

3.45 (0.99)

3.46 (0.91)

3.66 (1.06)

0.67

In my agency, families are provided opportunities to engage in peer support activities and connect with other parents/guardians of justice-involved youth

3.33 (1.16)

3.38 (0.98)

0.82

3.06 (1.06)

3.36 (1.03)

3.45 (1.23)

3.42 (1.01)

3.39 (1.10)

0.84

Logistical Support

Individuals in my agency provide flexible scheduling to accommodate families

4.36 (0.61)

3.48 (1.01)

 < 0.001

4.22 (0.73)

3.81 (1.16)

4.20 (0.61)

3.50 (0.99)

4.32 (0.62)

 < 0.001

Individuals in my agency assist families with transportation needs

2.88 (1.25)

2.65 (1.06)

0.3

3.00 (1.23)

2.52 (1.16)

2.45 (1.19)

2.81 (1.05)

2.90 (1.82)

0.41

Individuals in my agency assist families with childcare needs

2.56 (1.26)

2.48 (0.92)

0.69

2.33 (1.13)

2.15 (0.92)

2.20 (1.00)

2.65 (0.84)

2.70 (1.31)

0.17

In my agency, staff work to remove family barriers to engagement and participation

3.94 (0.79)

3.73 (0.81)

0.18

3.83 (0.92)

3.80 (0.76)

3.79 (0.78)

3.79 (0.93)

3.93 (0.87)

0.94

Family Health and Functioning

Individuals in my agency provide parenting skills programs

3.12 (1.24)

3.02 (1.12)

0.64

3.22 (1.35)

2.81 (1.02)

2.90 (1.11)

3.19 (1.05)

3.24 (1.27)

0.52

Individuals in my agency refer to parenting skills programs

3.59 (1.16)

3.16 (0.94)

0.04

3.56 (1.19)

3.25 (0.98)

3.65 (1.18)

3.13 (0.94)

3.58 (1.12)

0.35

Individuals in my agency provide family-based mental health services (e.g., family counseling, therapy, mental health treatment)

3.71 (1.29)

3.35 (1.10)

0.35

3.33 (1.13)

3.50 (1.10)

3.65 (1.26)

3.27 (1.15)

3.74 (1.35)

0.51

Individuals in my agency refer to family-based mental health services (e.g., family counseling, therapy, mental health treatment)

4.30 (0.78)

3.52 (0.98)

 < 0.001

4.06 (0.87)

3.88 (0.86)

4.35 (0.81)

3.42 (1.03)

4.30 (0.79)

 < 0.001

Individuals in my agency provide family-based substance use services (e.g., family substance use prevention or treatment)

3.29 (1.34)

3.25 (1.08)

0.89

3.00 (1.13)

3.35 (1.09)

3.15 (1.30)

3.04 (0.95)

3.39 (1.41)

0.66

Individuals in my agency refer to family-based substance use services (e.g., family substance use prevention or treatment)

3.88 (1.13)

3.35 (0.91)

0.009

3.44 (1.04)

3.50 (0.94)

3.85 (1.08)

3.23 (0.91)

3.96 (1.13)

0.03

Individuals in my agency provide family-based HIV/STI services (e.g., family-based HIV/STI prevention or treatment)

2.66 (1.12)

3.00 (1.03)

0.09

2.89 (0.96)

2.73 (0.96)

2.45 (0.99)

3.04 (0.91)

2.75 (1.19)

0.42

Individuals in my agency refer to family-based HIV/STI services (e.g., family-based HIV/STI prevention or treatment)

2.99 (1.19)

2.98 (1.0)

0.97

3.22 (0.88)

2.88 (0.95)

3.00 (1.2)

3.00 (1.0)

3.04 (1.21)

0.9