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Table 1 Criminal legal histories and outcomes of study population

From: Custodial and perinatal care patterns of women who received prenatal care while incarcerated in the Arkansas state prison system, 2014–2019

 

Full Population (N = 212)

Gave Birth to a Live Infant in Custody (n = 143)

Still Pregnant when Released from Prison (n = 54)

Experienced Pregnancy Loss in Custody

(n = 15)

Variable

n (%) or M ± SD

n (%) or M ± SD

n (%) or M ± SD

n (%) or M ± SD

Conviction(s) leading to current incarceration1

Drug

128 (60.4%)

85 (59.4%)

32 (59.3%)

11 (73.3%)

Property

63 (29.7%)

41 (28.7%)

19 (35.2%)

3 (20.0%)

Financial

43 (20.3%)

29 (20.3%)

11 (20.4%)

3 (20.0%)

Revocation

26 (12.3%)

19 (13.3%)

6 (11.1%)

1 (6.7%)

Violent

21 (9.9%)

16 (11.2%)

3 (5.6%)

2 (13.3%)

Obstruction

20 (9.4%)

15 (10.5%)

4 (7.4%)

1 (6.7%)

Child abuse or maltreatment

10 (4.7%)

8 (5.6%)

1 (1.9%)

1 (6.7%)

Number of previous incarcerations

0

95 (44.8%)

67 (46.9%)

23 (42.6%)

5 (33.3%)

1

56 (26.4%)

30 (21.0%)

22 (40.7%)

4 (26.7%)

2

25 (11.8%)

22 (15.4%)

2 (3.7%)

1 (6.7%)

3

19 (9.0%)

14 (9.8%)

3 (5.6%)

2 (13.3%)

4

6 (2.8%)

3 (2.1%)

2 (3.7%)

1 (6.7%)

5+

11 (5.2%)

7 (4.9%)

2 (3.7%)

2 (13.3%)

Time from prison intake to release from prison2

277.2 ± 254.3 days

330.2 ± 275.5 days

116.8 ± 47.9 days

373.9 ± 251.8 days

0–60 days

4 (1.9%)

--

4 (7.4%)

--

61–90 days

17 (8.0%)

6 (4.2%)

11 (20.4%)

--

91–180 days

54 (25.5%)

22 (15.4%)

30 (55.6%)

2 (13.3%)

181–365 days

92 (43.4%)

75 (52.4%)

9 (16.7%)

8 (53.3%)

1–2 years

28 (13.2%)

26 (18.2%)

--

2 (13.3%)

2 + years

11 (5.2%)

9 (6.3%)

--

2 (13.3%)

Not yet released by end of study period

5 (2.4%)

4 (2.8%)

--

1 (6.7%)

Unknown (missing)

1 (0.5%)

1 (0.7%)

--

--

Reincarcerated within 1 year of release

Yes

31 (14.6%)

20 (14.0%)

9 (16.7%)

2 (13.3%)

No

176 (83.0%)

119 (83.2%)

45 (83.3%)

12 (80.0%)

Not Applicable (i.e., not yet released by end of study period)

5 (2.4%)

4 (2.8%)

--

1 (6.7%)

Reincarcerated within study period

Yes

70 (33.0%)

50 (35.0%)

15 (27.8%)

5 (33.3%)

No

137 (64.6%)

89 (62.2%)

39 (72.2%)

9 (60.0%)

Not Applicable (i.e., not yet released by end of study period)

5 (2.4%)

4 (2.8%)

--

1 (6.7%)

  1. 1Because women in our study population could have multiple convictions which led to the current incarceration, conviction categories are not mutually exclusive. Also, one person who gave birth to a live infant in custody was missing conviction data