Table 12 Challenges to regimen and activities

Some of the challenges to delivering an equal but adapted regime and activities include a lack of resources, especially staff time (Brooke & Jackson, 2019; Inspector of Custodial Services, 2015; Treacy et al., 2019; Turner, 2018), the need for (and lack of) dedicated key workers (Feczko, 2014; Welsh Government and Ministry of Justice, 2011), dementia leads or champions across the prison (Sindano & Swapp, 2019), and a designated activities co-ordinator (Ministry of Justice, 2013; Mistry & Muhammad, 2015). Staff and prisoners identified the prison regime, with extended periods of time behind locked doors as a challenge (Brooke & Rybacka, 2020). Restrictions to regimes and activities due to security conditions were also noted (Brown, 2016; Goulding, 2013; Inspector of Custodial Services, 2015), as well as some activities being physically inaccessible (Dementia Action Alliance, 2017; Inspector of Custodial Services, 2015). Staff resistance to some activities was also reported (Williams, 2014). A number of papers reported that there was a lack of prison activities and programmes overall (Brown, 2016; Treacy et al., 2019; Her Majesty's Prison & Probation Service, 2018; Inspector of Custodial Services, 2015; Baldwin & Leete, 2012; Christodoulou, 2012; Goulding, 2013; Mistry & Muhammad, 2015; Murray, 2004; Peacock et al., 2018)